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a scientifically rigorous methodology to establish a causal association between programs and what they aimed to achieve beyond the outcomes on individuals targeted by the program(s). Impact evaluation looks at the rise and fall of impacts, such as disease incidence and prevalence or quality of life as a function of HIV/AIDS programs. The effects (impacts) on the entire populations seldom can be attributed to a single program or even several programs; therefore evaluations of impact on populations usually entail an evaluation design that includes the combined effects of a number of programs for at-risk populations.

Prepared by the Evaluation Technical Working Group of the
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group
June 2008